Siberian Traps stretched 7 million square kilometers

Siberian Traps covered 7 million km².

Siberian Traps are a large igneous province in Siberia, Russia.

Basaltic lava erupted in a huge flood basalt event covering Siberia.

Volcanic eruptions lasted about two million years around 251.9 million years ago.

Eruptions spanned the Permian–Triassic boundary 251.9 million years ago.

Mantle plume activity caused basalt to erupt through Siberian crust.

Siberian Traps include mostly basalt plus mafic and felsic rocks.

Basalt volume is about 4 million cubic kilometers across Siberia.

Volcanic gases caused global warming and ocean acidification events.

Eruptions contributed to the largest Permian–Triassic mass extinction.

Gas came from heated carbonate and coal sedimentary rocks below.

Dating zircon in volcanic rock links eruptions to extinction timing.

Norilsk–Talnakh nickel deposit formed inside Siberian Traps magma conduits.

Nickel deposits and volcanism match the extinction event timeline.

Basaltic lava erupted in a huge flood basalt event covering Siberia.